Key points 

• Lymphoedema is a chronic condition causing swelling due to a build-up of lymph fluid. 

• It occurs when the lymphatic system fails to function properly, often affecting the arms or legs. 

• Primary lymphoedema is inherited, while secondary lymphoedema is caused by factors like surgery, infections, or cancer treatments. 

• Early symptoms include swelling, tightness, discomfort, and skin changes like hardening or thickening. 

• Lymphoedema increases the risk of infections such as cellulitis. 

• To reduce risk, keep skin moisturised, treat infections, and avoid tight clothing or injuries. 

• Regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding extreme temperatures can help manage the condition. 

• Treatment options include lymphatic massage, compression garments, exercise, and elevation. 

• Specialist lymphoedema therapists offer additional treatments like bandaging and taping. 

• Early detection and intervention are crucial to prevent progression to severe stages of lymphoedema. 

What is Lymphoedema? 

Lymphoedema is a chronic condition that results in swelling due to a build-up of lymph, a protein-rich fluid essential for immune function. It occurs when the lymphatic system—responsible for carrying lymph throughout the body—is not functioning properly. While lymphoedema can affect any part of the body, it is most common in the arms or legs. 

Although there is no cure, effective management strategies can help control symptoms and improve quality of life. 

Causes of Lymphoedema 

Lymphoedema can be classified into two types: 

Primary Lymphoedema

A rare, inherited condition caused by malformations in the lymphatic system, often developing at birth, puberty, or later in adulthood.

Secondary Lymphoedema

More common and caused by damage to the lymphatic system due to factors such as:  

• Surgery or radiotherapy 
• Infections or injuries 
• Cancer and its treatments 
• Reduced mobility 
• Venous disease 
• Obesity 

The condition can develop gradually and worsen over time if left untreated. 

Symptoms of Lymphoedema 

Early signs of lymphoedema include: 

• Swelling or a feeling of heaviness in the affected limb 
• Tightness or discomfort 
• Skin changes such as hardening, thickening, or inflammation 
• Reduced flexibility and mobility 
• Increased risk of infections like cellulitis 

If you notice any of these symptoms, it is important to seek medical advice as early intervention can help slow progression. 

Reducing the Risk of Lymphoedema 

If you are at risk of developing lymphoedema, here are some ways to reduce the likelihood of swelling: 

• Keep your skin moisturised and treat any cuts or infections promptly. 
• Avoid tight-fitting clothing or restrictive accessories. 
• Wear gloves when gardening or doing housework to prevent injuries. 
• Stay active with gentle exercises like walking, swimming, yoga, and Pilates. 
• Maintain a healthy weight to improve lymphatic function. 

Managing and Treating Lymphoedema

While there is no medication for lymphoedema, the following treatments can help manage symptoms: 

• Lymphatic Massage – A technique to stimulate lymph flow and reduce swelling. 
• Compression Garments – Specially fitted sleeves or stockings that help control swelling. 
• Exercise & Movement – Staying active can promote lymph drainage and reduce fluid retention. 
• Elevation – Keeping the affected limb raised can help with fluid movement. 
• Specialist Treatment – Lymphoedema therapists offer bandaging, taping, and other treatments to manage symptoms effectively. 

If you develop pain, redness, or fever, seek medical attention immediately, as this could indicate an infection requiring antibiotics. 

Stages of Lymphoedema

Lymphoedema progresses in four stages: 

• Stage 0 – Subclinical Stage: The lymphatic system is damaged, but there are no visible symptoms yet. 
• Stage 1 – Reversible Stage: Swelling appears but may go down with rest and elevation. 
• Stage 2 – Irreversible Stage: Swelling persists, and the skin starts to harden. 
• Stage 3 – Lymphostatic Elephantiasis: Severe swelling, skin thickening, and high risk of infection. 

Early detection and treatment can help prevent progression to later stages. 

Living with Lymphoedema

Lymphoedema can impact daily activities, work, and overall well-being, but with the right management, individuals can maintain an active lifestyle. At Active+, we provide expert treatment and support to help you manage lymphoedema effectively.  If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms, consult a healthcare professional or connect with your Active+ clinic to explore treatment options.